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1. By glucose measurement in plasma.
2. Administration of 50g oral glucose load between the 24th and 28th week, without regard to time of day or time of last meal to all pregnant women who have not been identified before the 24th week as having glucose intolerance.
3. Venous plasma glucose measured 1 hour later.
4. A glucose value of 140 mg% (7.8 mmol/L) in venous plasma indicates the need for a full diagnostic glucose tolerance test.
1. Administration of 100 g oral glucose load in the morning after overnight fast of at least 8 hours but not more than 14 hours and after at least 3 days of unrestricted diet (>150 g of carbohydrate) and physical activity.
2. Plasma glucose is measured fasting and at 1,2 and 3 hours after the oral glucose load (subject should remain seated and should not smoke throughout the test).
Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus :
Two or more of the following venous plasma glucose concentrations must be met or exceeded for a positive diagnosis:
Fasting 105 mg% (5.8 mmol/L)
1 hour 190mg%( 10.6 mmol/L)
2 hour 165mg%(9.2mmol/L)
3 hour 145 mg% (8.1 mmol/L)
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Introduction : For a definitive and correct diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, it is important to know the Glycaemic Criteria. Prior to 1979, no uniformity existed in the diagnostic criteria followed by different workers.
In 1979, Diagnostic criteria of DM was first set by National Diabetes Data
Group (NDDG), USA. In 1980 WHO expert committee endorsed the recommendations of NDDG with certain modifications. WHO – 1985 diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus is well accepted now-a-days.
An International Expert Committee, working under the sponsorship of American
Diabetes Association (ADA), was established in May, 1995 to review the classification and diagnosis based on the new diagnostic criteria of diabetes was published in 1997 with slight alternation.
SOURCE OF SPECIMEN :
Before interpretation of blood glucose value, it is important to know the source of blood specimen.
A plasma glucose is approximately 14% higher than the whole blood glucose value. Similarly, the capillary blood glucose level is 20mg higher than the corresponding whole venous blood glucose value, (at least in the post-prandial state).
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Australian scientists were the first in the world to apply the concept of the glycaemic index to sport and exercise. Canadian scientists invented the G.I. Approach to help classify carbohydrates but Australian researchers could see that what they were doing had important implications for sporting performance. The rest of the world is still catching up. Manipulating the G.I. of the diet can give you the winning edge—whether you are one of the elite or a weekend warrior.
Misconceptions about carbohydrates. In the past we were taught that simple carbohydrates (sugars) were digested and absorbed rapidly while complex carbohydrates (starches) were digested slowly. We assumed (completely incorrectly) that simple carbohydrates gave the most rapid rises in blood sugar while complex carbohydrates produced gradual rises. Unfortunately, these assumptions had no factual or scientific basis. They were based on structural considerations, smaller molecules, like sugars, being thought to be easier to digest than larger ones, like starches. Even though incorrect, the logical nature of these assumptions meant that they were rarely ever questioned.
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